There was a Second Civil War for many reasons...
Long term reasons:
- Fractions with Parliament - between the New Model Army and Royalists - lack of unity
- Failed settlement after the First Civil War
- Charles' intransigence - repeatedly vague during genuine efforts of settlement
- Solemn League and Covenant - Did Parliament have time to uphold their promise to the Covenanters?
Short term reasons:
- The Engagement - the threat of the Scottish army invading Parliament if they do not accept Charles' acceptance of the Solemn League and Covenant. They would march to London, where Parliament was
- Parliament and the NMA faced a Scottish invasion
- Still Royalist support - more than Fairfax had predicted
- Charles' personality and intransigence.
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